Technical articles on Electronics and Electrical Engineering topics focused on Basics of EE, Electronic components, power systems and equipment used for generation, transmission, operation, and controls of electricity.
What are Lighting Arrestors A lightning arrester or a surge diverter is a protection device which conducts the high voltage surges on the power system to the ground. Given below are five types of Lightning Arrestor The video below explains in details the working of lightning arresters:
The term relates to the amount of energy contained in food or fuel. The amount of heat that can be generated by the complete combustion of a unit weight of fuel is known as its calorific value. The calorific value of a fuel indicates the amount of heat that is available from a fuel. The … Read more
Fixed cost is defined as the cost which is independent of maximum demand and units generated. The fixed cost of electricity accounts for the annual cost of the central organization, interest on the capital cost of land, and salaries of officials. It is worth noting that the annual expenditure on the central organization and salaries … Read more
The running cost of electricity depends only upon the number of units generated. The factors contributing to the running cost of electricity include the annual cost of fuel, lubricating oil, maintenance, repairs, and salaries of operating staff. Since the above-mentioned charges are contingent on the energy output, the running cost is directly proportional to the … Read more
The hydroelectric power plant utilizes the potential energy of water for generating electric energy. The hydropower plant uses 5 types of Electrical components, which include: Alternator An alternator or synchronous generator is an AC generator that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. The working principle of generators is based on the fact that a moving wire … Read more
Energy is available in numerous forms from different natural sources such as hydro energy from pressure heads of water, nuclear energy from fuels like uranium, the chemical energy of fuels, wind energy, etc. Using suitable methods and by installing power plants different forms of energy can be converted into electrical energy. During the conversion process, … Read more
Corona effect is defined as the phenomenon of a violet glow, which has hissing noise and produces ozone gas in an overhead transmission line. The corona effect in transmission lines depends on the condition of the power transmission line as well as the atmosphere around the conductors of transmission lines. Given below are top 5 … Read more
While mention of operational amplifiers typically provokes visions of semiconductor devices built as integrated circuits on a miniature silicon chip, the first op-amps were actually vacuum tube circuits. The first commercial, general purpose operational amplifier was manufactured by the George A. Philbrick Researches, Incorporated, in 1952. Designated the K2-W, it was built around two twin-triode … Read more
Real operational have some imperfections compared to an “ideal” model. A real device deviates from a perfect difference amplifier. One minus one may not be zero. It may have have an offset like an analog meter which is not zeroed. The inputs may draw current. The characteristics may drift with age and temperature. Gain may … Read more
As we’ve seen, negative feedback is an incredibly useful principle when applied to operational amplifiers. It is what allows us to create all these practical circuits, being able to precisely set gains, rates, and other significant parameters with just a few changes of resistor values. Negative feedback makes all these circuits stable and self-correcting. The … Read more